AGROBIOTECH

By Miroslava Kacaniova, University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovakia

Biotechnology plays a crucial role in modern agriculture by enabling innovations that enhance productivity while minimizing environmental impacts. Genetically modified or molecularly bred crops exhibit improved tolerance to biotic stresses (pathogens, pests) and abiotic factors (drought, salinity, extreme temperatures). Such approaches reduce the need for chemical pesticides and fertilizers, thereby lowering the burden on soil and aquatic ecosystems. In parallel, the use of biological preparations based on plant essential oils, antagonistic microorganisms, or natural metabolites is expanding as an alternative to synthetic agrochemicals.

An important contribution of biotechnology also lies in the application of microbial inoculants, particularly nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms, or rhizosphere-associated probiotic strains. These bioinoculants improve the biological availability of nutrients, stimulate plant growth, and enhance the stability of agroecosystems. As a result, the consumption of synthetic fertilizers is reduced, along with greenhouse gas emissions associated with their production and application. The implementation of such solutions in agricultural practice therefore represents a key step toward sustainable, environmentally friendly, and climate-resilient farming.

By Monica Dragoromirescu, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara

Polluted regions across Europe and all over the world are looking for circular biobased solutions that use local resources to improve qualities of the soil affected by chemical and fossil energy industries (metallurgy, mining, coal powered power plants) which currently have ceased activities, negatively affecting social life and local economies. By implementing circular bio-based solutions that harness local resources, these regions can be transformed into hubs of sustainable growth. Restoring soil health will not only revive ecosystems but also unlock new forms of economic activity, making these areas more attractive to live in, healthier for future generations, and better positioned to retain and attract talent.

These regions can be economically developed, more attractive for living and as life standards, healthier in general, if circular biobased solutions will be implemented starting from each household, continuing with local administration and to the whole economy in the general transition to bio-based and science-based circular economy.

It can be noticed that the sustainable management of bioresources in a circular bioeconomy brings multiple advantages to local communities and individuals by improving health, creating jobs, increasing incomes, diversifying the economy and reducing costs associated with resource and waste management.